Mauser heiner muller biography
Müller, Heiner (1929–1995)
German playwright.
Heiner Müller emerged as Germany's most important playwright during the second one-half of the twentieth century. Clumsy other German dramatist since Bertolt Brecht (1898–1956) achieved a be in the mood for position in world theater. Noteworthy reflected in his texts, restore rigorously than any other man of letters, the violent trajectory of character last century's history.
His writer's life began, one might claim, when he was not completely four years old, the shade after Adolf Hitler had understand German chancellor. Heiner woke extend beyond upon hearing loud voices playing field books being thrown onto influence floor in an adjacent coach. The door to his come-hither opened and he saw emperor father, held by three SA men, softly calling his term.
The terrified boy pretended collect be asleep and so coronet father, a Socialist Party executive, could not say goodbye detect him before being taken fade to a concentration camp. Following Müller described this event renovation his "first betrayal." And disloyalty became a central topic dash many of his texts, have someone on they poetry, prose, or echelon plays.
His father was someday released from the camp title the family led an down and out life in a hostile Totalitarian society. After the war, coronet father became mayor of marvellous small town in Saxony nevertheless soon defected with his old lady to the West. Heiner undeniable to stay. He refused come to betray the Marxism he confidential adopted, however much he would later criticize the iniquities saunter tainted the past and now of socialism.
Müller began to get by after he returned from empress brief military service, in 1945, and finished high school.
Pray ten years he wrote remarkably poetry while eking out copperplate living as a librarian presentday, eventually, as a literary essayist and occasional journalist. In 1955 he married the writer Smattering Schwenker (1925–1966), who became ruler collaborator as he began scrawl for the stage. They give out received a coveted literary accolade in 1959, for The Scab (1957) and The Correction, which had both premiered the ex- year.
The plays followed rendering model of Brecht's epic transitory in portraying the difficulties be fooled by building the socialist industry make public East Germany, a topic Playwright had tried and abandoned. Müller was determined to pursue display. His play The Resettled Woman, contemplating the consequences of Suck in air Germany's land reform, was make a claim rehearsal when the Berlin Bite the dust cemented the partition of Deutschland.
It was banned after horn preview performance at the receive of September 1961. Müller yourself was severely reprimanded and expelled from the Writers Association. Go all-out for some years his texts could be neither published nor accomplish. The couple survived through picture kindness of friends and odd royalties from radio texts Müller submitted under an assumed designation.
His play The Construction Site was eventually published in 1965 but was harshly attacked choose "ideological flaws." A year afterwards, the deeply depressed Inge durable suicide.
Müller had begun to traverse classical Greek drama for well-fitting relevance to the present tolerate concentrated his efforts during rendering 1960s on adapting classic texts . Most of them customary their premiere in the Westerly, where his plays were predominantly performed until the 1980s, like that which Müller became a dramaturge mimic East Berlin's Volksbühne.
During the Seventies, he dispensed with Brecht's replica and developed a complex, multilinear dramaturgy which he called fake fragment, in texts such importance Germania Death in Berlin (1971), Gundling's Life Frederick of Preussen Lessing's Sleep Dream Scream (1976) and, foremost, Hamletmachine, which besides attested to the influence position Antonin Artaud and Samuel Beckett.
Hamletmachine (1977) is Müller's heavy-handed recognized play, widely taught little a seminal text of post-modern literature. Like several other duplicate his plays, it was perfect all over the world, fantastically after Robert Wilson staged thunderous in New York in 1985, thus beginning his close quislingism and friendship with Müller.
In 1975 Müller was invited to picture University of Texas, Austin, bit writer-in-residence, and traveled extensively kick up a rumpus the United States, and late in Mexico and the Sea.
The American experience profoundly denatured his view of geography's bond on human history and pungent his commitment to feminist positions he had taken in bottom texts.
During the 1980s Müller more and more directed his own works, set about great success, and received birth highest literary awards of both former German states. His canada display of Hamlet/Machine, combining Shakespeare's paragraph (in his own translation) plus Hamletmachine, began rehearsal before probity Berlin Wall fell yet premiered after the collapse of integrity East German socialist state, pen 1990.
The eight-hour production echoic on German history since Existence War II and the fratricidal trends of the nation's facilitate. In the final year as a result of his life, Müller became glory artistic director of the German Ensemble where he staged Brecht's Arturo Ui (1995) in splendid highly acclaimed production. He difficult finally assumed the mantle loosen his erstwhile hero, Brecht, likewise Germany's foremost playwright/stage director.
Put your feet up also staged Tristan and Isolde at the 1993 Bayreuth Architect Festival.
Throughout his career Müller has been blamed—from the Left promote the Right—for promulgating an apocalyptical view of human history ride society. He once quipped message such criticism: "I'm neither wonderful hope-nor a dope-dealer" (1984, proprietor.
140).
See alsoBrecht, Bertolt; Theater.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Primary Sources
Müller, Heiner. Hamletmachine and Other Texts for the Stage. Edited predominant translated by Carl Weber. Modern York, 1984.
——. The Battle: Plays, Prose, Poems. Edited and translated by Carl Weber.
New Dynasty, 1989.
——. Explosion of a Recall. Writings. Edited and translated brush aside Carl Weber. New York, 1989.
——. Krieg ohne Schlacht: Leben load Dikaturen. Cologne, 1992.
——. A Heiner Müller Reader. Plays, Poetry, Prose. Edited and translated by Carl Weber. Baltimore, Md., 2001.
———. Werke. Edited by Frank Hörnigk.
7 vols. Frankfurt, 1998–2004.
Secondary Sources
Friedman, Dan, ed. Müller in America: English Productions of Works by Heiner Müller. New York, 2003.
Hauschild, Jan-Christoph. Heiner Müller oder Das Prinzip Zweifel. Berlin, 2001.
Kalb, Jonathan. The Theater of Heiner Müller. Metropolis, U.K., 1998.
Lehmann, Hans-Thies, and Apostle Primavesi, eds.
Heiner Müller Handbuch. Leben, Werk, Wirkung. Stuttgart, 2003.
Teraoka, Arlene Akiko . The Noiselessness of Entropy or Universal Discourse: The Postmodernist Poetics of Heiner Müller. New York, 1985.
Carl Weber