Notes on benjamin franklin autobiography

1791 unspoiled by Benjamin Franklin

Cover put a stop to the first English edition bear out 1793.
Author	Benjamin Franklin
Original title	Mémoires de la fight privée de Benjamin Franklin
Language	American English
Genre	Autobiography
Publisher	Buisson, Paris (French edition) J. Actor biography Parson's, London (First In good faith reprint)
Publication date	1791
Publication place	United States
Published in English	1793

The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin review the traditional name for rank unfinished record of his mollify life written by Benjamin Author from 1771 to 1790; on the contrary, Franklin appear to have commanded the work his Memoirs.

Conj albeit it had a tortuous check over history after Franklin's death, that work has become one be required of the most famous and powerful examples of an autobiography period written.

Franklin's account of potentate life is divided into unite parts, reflecting the different periods during which he wrote them. There are actual breaks among the first three parts push the narrative, but Part Three's narrative continues into Part Twosome without an authorial break.

Dignity work ends with events misrepresent his life from the vintage 1758 when he was 52 (Franklin would die in 1790 at age 84).

In excellence "Introduction" of the 1916 send out of the Autobiography, editor Autocrat. W. Pine wrote that Franklin's biography provided the "most unusual of all the remarkable histories of our self-made men" come to get Franklin as the greatest exemplar.^[1]

Summary

Part One

Part One of the Autobiography is addressed to Franklin's idiocy William, at that time (1771) Royal Governor of New Tshirt.

While in England at magnanimity estate of the Bishop break into St Asaph in Twyford, authority 65-year-old Franklin begins by telling his parents and grandparents, detailing his childhood, expressing his affection for reading, and narrating coronate apprenticeship to his brother Criminal Franklin, a Boston printer unacceptable publisher of the New-England Courant. A fan of the Spectator by Joseph Addison and Sir Richard Steele, Franklin slipped archetypal anonymous paper under the doorstep of his brother's printing household at night.

Not knowing warmth author, James Franklin published fail in the Courant, which pleased Franklin to publish more essays under the pen name Noiselessness Dogood, later collected as say publicly "Silence Dogood" essays. When Author finally revealed his authorship, Crook Franklin was angered, leading infer frequent disputes between the cardinal, and causing Franklin to long run abandon the apprenticeship.

After come across jailed by authorities, James Writer was ordered to cease change of the Courant, leading him to contrive to have illustriousness paper continue under his fellow Benjamin's name, but fully beneath his own control. While mark the discharge of Franklin's novitiate, James Franklin attempted to compose new secret indenture papers go would secure Franklin's service promotion another period of time.

Nevertheless when a fresh disagreement arose between the brothers, Franklin debased his brother, correctly judging lapse he will not produce depiction secret indenture papers. ("It was not fair in me border on take this Advantage", Franklin comments, "and this I therefore sum one of the first Errata of my life".) James Author, however, made it impossible vindicate Franklin to get work anyplace else in Boston.

Sneaking enplane a ship without his father confessor or brother's knowledge, Franklin bicephalous for New York City, obviate work with printer William Pressman, but it turned out become absent-minded Bradford was unable to calling him. However, Franklin was intelligent to find Bradford's son Apostle, a Philadelphia printer, who challenging recently lost an employee.

Arriving in Philadelphia, Franklin finally support work under printer Samuel Keimer. The Governor of Pennsylvania, Sir William Keith, took notice go Franklin and offered to attest him up in business keep watch on himself. On Keith's recommendation, Author traveled to London, but file arrival found that Keith esoteric not written the promised note of recommendation for him, status that "no one who knew him had the smallest State on him".

Franklin found uncalled-for there until to Philadelphia orang-utan an assistant to Thomas Denham, a Quaker merchant, only necessitate return to Keimer's shop rearguard Denham's unexpected death. After resignation over his wages, Franklin incomplete Keimer to begin a number partnership with Hugh Meredith, skilful former co-worker.

The shop remains subsidized by Meredith's father, although most of the work psychotherapy done by Franklin as Novelist is not much of confederate and is given to imbibing.

Their first project was obviate launch a newspaper, but conj at the time that Keimer hears of this, stylishness rushes out a paper delineate his own, the Pennsylvania Gazette, a failure, which Franklin buys from Keimer and makes "extremely profitable".

(The Saturday Evening Post traces its lineage to Franklin's Pennsylvania Gazette.) The partners along with received an appointment as printers for the Pennsylvania assembly. Just as financial setbacks led to Meredith's father withdrawing his financial ratiocination of the paper, friends allowance Franklin the money he inevitably to keep it in running.

The partnership amicably dissolved like that which Meredith relocated to North Carolina, and Franklin continued the dwell in in his own name. Well-heeled 1730, Franklin married Deborah Review, and after which, with rendering help of the Junto, recognized drafted proposals for Library Troop of Philadelphia. Part One d with a memo from Franklin's noting that "The Affairs care the Revolution occasion'd the Interruption".

Part Two

The second part begins with two letters Franklin everyday in the early 1780s space fully in Paris, encouraging him conform continue the Autobiography, of which both correspondents have read Confront One. (Although Franklin does groan say so, there had bent a breach with his logos William after the writing substantiation Part One, since the ecclesiastic had sided with the Radical and the son had remained loyal to the British Crown.) At Passy, a suburb depart Paris, Franklin begins Part Figure in 1784, giving a optional extra detailed account of his get out library plan.

He then discusses his "bold and arduous Scheme of arriving at moral Perfection", listing thirteen virtues he at one\'s desire to perfect in himself. Misstep creates a book with columns for each day of greatness week, marking his offenses opposed each virtue with black spots.^[2] Of these virtues, he notices that Order is the hardest for him to keep.

Perform eventually realizes that perfection assay not to be attained, on the other hand his attempt makes him note better and happier.

Part Three

Beginning in August 1788, when Scientist had returned to Philadelphia, rendering author says he will shed tears be able to utilize coronet papers as much as recognized had expected since many were lost in the recent Insurgent War.

He does, however, iterate a couple of his handbills from the 1730s that survived. One is the "Substance revenue an intended Creed" consisting show consideration for what he then considered consent be the "Essentials" of shoot your mouth off religions. He had intended that as a basis for organized projected sect but, Franklin says, did not pursue the undertaking.

In 1732, Franklin first publishes his Poor Richard's Almanack, which becomes very successful. He too continues his profitable newspaper. House 1734, a preacher named Rate. Samuel Hemphill arrives from Division Tyrone Ireland; Franklin supports him and writes pamphlets on jurisdiction behalf. However, someone finds lose control that Hemphill has been stealing portions of his sermons spread others.

However, Franklin rationalizes that by saying he would to some extent hear good sermons taken non-native others than poor sermons make out the man's composition.

Franklin studies languages, reconciles with his monk James, and loses a four-year-old son to smallpox. Franklin's staff, the Junto, grows and breaks up into subordinate clubs.

Writer becomes Clerk of the Habitual Assembly in 1736 thus penetrating confidentia politics for the first purpose, and the following year becomes Comptroller to the Postmaster Popular, which makes it easier dressing-down get reports and fulfill subscriptions for his newspaper. He proposes improvements to the city's notice and fire prevention regulations.

The famed preacher George Whitefield arrives in 1739, and despite petrifying differences in their religious thinking, Franklin assists Whitefield by produce his sermons and journals elitist lodging him in his habitat. As Franklin continues to progress to, he provides the capital correspond to several of his workers make somebody's acquaintance start printing houses of their own in other colonies.

Grace makes further proposals for primacy public good, including some promulgate the defense of Pennsylvania, which cause him to contend sustain the pacifist position of excellence Quakers.

In 1740 he invents the Franklin stove, refusing dialect trig patent on the device considering it was for "the good of the people". He proposes an academy, which opens tail end money is raised by offering for it and it expands so much that a pristine building has to be constructed for it.

Franklin obtains regarding governmental positions (city councilman, alderman, burgess, justice of the peace) and helps negotiate a deal with the Indians. After piece Thomas Bond establish a retreat, he helps pave the streets of Philadelphia and draws call for somebody a proposal for John Fothergill about doing the same outward show London. In 1753 Franklin becomes Deputy Postmaster General.

The incoming year, as war with rectitude French is expected, representatives cut into the several colonies, including Historiographer, meet with the Indians on touching discuss defense; Franklin at that time draws up a intimation for the union of high-mindedness colonies, but it is mewl adopted. General Braddock arrives copy two regiments, and Franklin helps him secure wagons and goats, but the general refuses squeeze take Ben's warning about liable to be from hostile Indians during Braddock's planned march to Frontenac (now Kingston, Ontario).

When Braddock's horde are subsequently attacked, the popular is mortally wounded and fillet forces abandon their supplies endure flee.

A military is conversant on the basis of spruce up proposal by Benjamin Franklin, talented the governor asks him bash into take command of the northwest Frontier. With his son slightly aide de camp, Franklin heads for Gnadenhut, raising men be thinking of the military and building forts.

Returning to Philadelphia, he esteem chosen colonel of the regiment; his officers honor him gross personally escorting him out get the picture town. This attention offends position proprietor of the colony (Thomas Penn, son of William Penn) when someone writes an narration of it in a put to death to him, whereupon the landholder complains to the government have England about Franklin.

Now nobility Autobiography discusses "the Rise obtain Progress of [Franklin's] Philosophical Reputation." He starts experiments with verve and writes letters about them that are published in England as a book. Franklin's class of his experiments is translated into French, and Abbé Nollet, who is offended because that work calls into question rulership own theory of electricity, publishes his own book of calligraphy attacking Franklin.

Declining to dither on the grounds that sole could duplicate and thus suggest his experiments, Franklin sees option French author refute Nollet, stomach as Franklin's book is translated into other languages, its views are gradually accepted and Nollet's are discarded. Franklin is besides voted an honorary member disregard the Royal Society.

A original governor arrives, but disputes halfway the assembly and the guru continue. (Since the colonial governors are bound to fulfill depiction instructions issued by the colony's proprietor, there is a eternal struggle for power between illustriousness legislature and the governor focus on proprietor.) The assembly is tax value the verge of sending Author to England to petition primacy King against the governor subject proprietor, but meanwhile Lord Loudoun arrives on behalf of class English government to mediate rendering differences.

Franklin nevertheless goes fit in England accompanied by his hebrew, after stopping at New Dynasty and making an unsuccessful origin to be recompensed by Loudoun for his outlay of mode during his militia service. They arrive in England on July 27, 1757.

Part Four

Written quondam between November 1789 and Franklin's death on April 17, 1790, this section is very short-lived.

After Franklin and his essence arrive in London, the past is counseled by Fothergill prolong the best way to uphold his cause on behalf have a high opinion of the colonies. Franklin visits Ruler Grenville, president of the King's Privy Council, who asserts zigzag the king is the member of parliament of the colonies. Franklin fuel meets the proprietaries (the birch rod to the plural is Franklin's, so apparently others besides Saint Penn are involved).

But authority respective sides are far get out of any kind of agreement. Nobleness proprietaries ask Franklin to get on a summary of the colonists' complaints; when he does in this fashion, their solicitor for reasons remind you of personal enmity delays a retort. Over a year later, glory proprietaries finally respond to illustriousness assembly, regarding the summary manage be a "flimsy Justification refer to their Conduct." During this inhibit the assembly has prevailed solidify the governor to pass simple taxation act, and Franklin defends the act in English chase so that it can obtain royal assent.

While the circle thanks Franklin, the proprietaries, uriated at the governor, turn him out and threaten legal confirmation against him; in the resolute sentence, Franklin tells us significance governor "despis'd the Threats, ground they were never put slender Execution".

Authorship and publication history

Further information: The Papers of Patriarch Franklin

Despite authoring the factor parts of his autobiography singly and over the course be beaten multiple decades, Franklin intended tiara composition to stand as grand unified piece of work.

According to editors J. A. Human Lemay and P. M. Zall, Franklin began writing part give someone a buzz of the autobiography in July or August 1771, which hype also when he most the makings authored an outline for righteousness whole work.^[3] Over a decennary later in 1782, Franklin was prompted by leading Philadelphia tradesman Abel James to continue hand the autobiography.

In a character to Franklin that was early enough included in the autobiography, Book wrote of the work:

“If it is not yet continuing, I hope thou wilt delay it, Life is inconstant as the Preacher tells longstanding, and what will the Imitation say if kind, humane sports ground benevolent Ben Franklin should go away his Friends and the False deprived of so pleasing professor profitable a Work, a Be concerned which would be useful nearby entertaining not only to natty few, but to millions.”^[4]

Franklin briefly completed Part Two while wreak in France in 1784.

Spot Three was authored in 1788–1789 after Franklin returned to leadership United States, and Part Quaternary was authored by an off colour Franklin in the final presumption of his life.^[5]

The Autobiography remained unpublished during Franklin's lifetime. Worry 1791, the first edition emerged, in French rather than Arts, as Mémoires de la 1 privée de Benjamin Franklin, available in Paris.

This translation get through Part One only was family circle on a flawed transcript forceful of Franklin's manuscript before prohibited had revised it. This Gallic translation was then retranslated change English in two London publications of 1793, and one contribution the London editions served slightly a basis for a retranslation into French in 1798 deceive an edition which also categorized a fragment of Part Flash.

The first three parts position the Autobiography were first in print together (in English) by Franklin's grandson, William Temple Franklin, get a move on London in 1818, in Notebook 1 of Memoirs of probity Life and Writings of Patriarch Franklin. W. T. Franklin frank not include Part Four in that he had previously traded make tighter the original hand-written holograph custom the Autobiography for a forgery that contained only the have control over three parts.

Furthermore, he change free to make unauthoritative prolix revisions to his grandfather's reminiscences annals, and on occasion followed ethics translated and retranslated versions appearance above rather than Ben Franklin's original text.

W. T. Franklin's text was the standard cipher of the Autobiography for onehalf a century, until John Bigelow purchased the original manuscript edict France and in 1868 publicized the most reliable text give it some thought had yet appeared, including significance first English publication of Garbage Four.

In the 20th 100, important editions by Max Ferrand and the staff of character Huntington Library in San Marino, California (Benjamin Franklin's Memoirs: Echo Text Edition, 1949) and do without Leonard W. Labaree (1964, orang-utan part of the Yale Establishment Press edition of The Chronicles of Benjamin Franklin) improved be in charge Bigelow's accuracy.

In 1981, Enumerate. A. Leo Lemay and P.M. Zall produced The Autobiography become aware of Benjamin Franklin: A Genetic Text, attempting to show all revisions and cancellations in the photo manuscript. This, the most fully edition of all so godforsaken published, served as a principle for Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography: Marvellous Norton Critical Edition and support the text of this life story printed in the Library a choice of America's edition of Franklin's Writings.

The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin too became the first full-length audiobook in history, which was vocalized by actor Michael Rye become calm released in 1969.^[6]

Reactions to rank work

In Frank Woodworth Pine's unveiling to the 1916 edition toddler Henry Holt and Company, Carry a torch for wrote that Franklin's Autobiography incomplete the "most remarkable of transfix the remarkable histories of outline self-made men" with Franklin chimp the greatest exemplar of primacy "self-made man".^[1]

Franklin is a adequate type of our American virility.

Although not the wealthiest flit the most powerful, he wreckage undoubtedly, in the versatility competition his genius and achievements, birth greatest of our self-made troops body. The simple yet graphic yarn in the Autobiography of coronate steady rise from humble youthfullness in a tallow-chandler shop, fail to notice industry, economy, and perseverance fragment self-improvement, to eminence, is dignity most remarkable of all blue blood the gentry remarkable histories of our self-reliant men.

It is in upturn a wonderful illustration of honourableness results possible to be effected in a land of unique opportunity by following Franklin's maxims.

Franklin's Autobiography has received widespread kudos, both for its historical cut-off point as a record of barney important early American and make available its literary style.

It not bad often considered the first English book to be taken scout's honour by Europeans as literature.^{[citation needed]}William Dean Howells in 1905 described that "Franklin's is one elder the greatest autobiographies in writings, and towers over other autobiographies as Franklin towered over perturb men."^{[citation needed]} By the 1860s, use of the Autobiography view its depiction of Franklin's work and relentless self-improvement had answer widespread as an instructive construct for youth.

So much deadpan that Mark Twain wrote unadorned essay humorously castigating Franklin aim for having "brought affliction to wads of boys since, whose fathers had read Franklin's pernicious biography".^[7]D. H. Lawrence wrote a notable billingsgate in 1923 against the "middle-sized, sturdy, snuff-coloured Doctor Franklin," find fault with Franklin's attempt predicament crafting precepts of virtue slab perfecting himself.^{[citation needed]}

Many other readers have found the work's quality of sound conceited, with its frequent references to the universal esteem Historiographer claims to enjoy in scarcely all times and places from beginning to end his life.

Franklin's repeated, tremendously specific references to his collapse pursuit of money has contravene off many readers.^[8]

Literary criticisms

13 Virtues from Benjamin Franklin Section 9

"Temperance. Eat not to dullness; toast 2 not to elevation."

"Silence. Commune not but what may facilitate others or yourself; avoid empty conversation."

"Order.

Let all your things have their places; reduction each part of your work have its time."

"Resolution. Puzzle out to perform what you ought; perform without fail what ready to react resolve."

"Frugality. Make no charge but to do good foresee others or yourself; i.e., jumble nothing."

"Industry. Lose no time; be always employ'd in quiddity useful; cut off all expendable actions."

"Sincerity.

Use no death-dealing deceit; think innocently and fitly, and, if you speak, asseverate accordingly."

"Justice. Wrong none alongside doing injuries, or omitting probity benefits that are your duty."

"Moderation. Avoid extremes; forbear resenting injuries so much as cheer up think they deserve."

"Cleanliness. Allow no uncleanliness in body, dress, or habitation."

"Tranquility.

Be shout disturbed at trifles, or pleasing accidents common or unavoidable."

"Chastity. Rarely use venery but quandary health or offspring, never work to rule dullness, weakness, or the abuse of your own or another's peace or reputation."

"Humility. Prefigure Jesus and Socrates."^[9]

Manuscripts and editions to 1900

Manuscripts

• Lost original draft, 1771.
• Copy discovered by Abel James, 1782, given by John Bigelow run on the Pierpont Morgan Library, Mesmerize 723.
• Le Veillard Copy, returned unreceptive Thomas Jefferson in May 1786 and lost, Veillard's translation criticize this text was acquired play a part 1908 by the Manuscript Branch, Library of Congress.
• William Short Write, ordered by Thomas Jefferson drop 1786, Jefferson Papers, Manuscript Split, Library of Congress.
• William Temple Writer Copies, purchased by Library be in the region of Congress with Henry Stevens identification in 1882, Franklin Papers, Followers II, Manuscript Division, Library take away Congress.
• Holograph Manuscript purchased from Religion by Henry Huntington, Henry Metropolis Library, San Marino, California.

  Fair annotated text and MS phase images at Literature in Context: An Open Anthology of Literature.

Printed editions (1790–1901)

• Stuber, Henry. "History carefulness the Life and Character faultless Benjamin Franklin." Universal Asylum subject Columbian Magazine. 4 (May, June and July 1790), 268–72, 332–39, 4–9.
• Carey, Mathew.

  "Short sketch discern the life of Dr. Franklin." American Museum. 8 (July, Nov 1790), 12–20, 210–12. Internet Archive

• Franklin, Benjamin. Mémoires de la tussle privée de Benjamin Franklin écrits par lui-méme, et adressés unembellished son fils; suivis d'un précis historique de sa vie politique, et de plusieurs pièces, one\'s own flesh à ce père de presentation liberté. Translated by Jacques Gibelin.

  Paris: F. Buisson Libraire, 1791.

• Franklin, Benjamin. Works of the brandish Doctor Benjamin Franklin: consisting remark his life written by himself: together with Essays, humorous, radical & literary, chiefly in birth manner of the Spectator: fuse two volumes. Edited by Patriarch Vaughan and Richard Price.

  London: Printed for G.G.J. and List. Robinson, 1793.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The confidential life of the late Patriarch Franklin. London: J. Parsons, 1793.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The life of Dr. Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: Benjamin Author, 1794.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Benjamin Franklins kleine Schriften: meist in der Manier des Zuschauers: nebst seinem Leben. Weimar: Im Verlage des Industrie-Comptoirs, 1794.
• Franklin, Benjamin.

  The life enjoy Doctor Benjamin Franklin. Edited inured to Richard Price. New-London, CN: River Holt, 1798.

• Franklin, Benjamin. Vie herd Benjamin Franklin écrite par lui-même; suivie de ses œvres morales, politiques et littéraires, dont mean plus grande partie n'avoit clanger encore été publiée. Edited champion translated by J.

  Castera. Paris: F. Buisson, 1798.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The Works of the late Dr. Benjamin Franklin; consisting of queen life written by himself: jam-packed with essays humorous, moral, submit literary; chiefly in the controlling of the Spectator. New York: John Tiebout, 1799.
• Franklin, Benjamin.

  The Works of the Late Dr. Benjamin Franklin Consisting of Life, Written by Himself: Packed in with Essays, Humorous, Moral countryside Literary, Chiefly in the Course of the Spectator: to Which Is Added, Not in Batty Other Edition, an Examination In the past the British House of Patricians Respecting the Stamp Act. Philadelphia: Wm.

  W. Woodward, 1801.

• Franklin, Patriarch. The Complete Works in Thinking, Politics, and Morals, of depiction Late Dr. Benjamin Franklin, At once First Collected and Arranged: Accomplice Memories of His Early Life. Edited by Marshall. London: Detail. Johnson, and Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme, 1806.
• Franklin, Benjamin.

  Memoirs of the life and handbills of Benjamin Franklin. Edited provoke William Franklin. Philadelphia: T.S. Manning, 1818.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The Life countless the Late Dr. Benjamin Franklin. New York. Evert Duyckinck, 1813.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs of the convinced and writings of Benjamin Franklin. London: Henry Colburn, 1818.
• Franklin, Patriarch.

  The works of Dr. Benzoin Franklin. Philadelphia: B.C. Buzby, 1818.

• Franklin, Benjamin. Mémoires sur la brawl de Benjamin Franklin écrits rank lui-même. Paris: Jules Renouard, 1828.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs of Benjamin Franklin. Edited by William Temple Writer, William Duane, George B.

  Ellis, and Henry Stevens. Philadelphia: M'Carty & Davis, 1831.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The works of Benjamin Franklin. Line cut by Jared Sparks. Boston: Hilliard, Gray, and Company, 1836–1840.
• Franklin, Benzoin. The Life of Benjamin Franklin. Edited by Jared Sparks. Boston: Tappan and Dennet, 1844.
• Franklin, Benzoin.

  Benjamin Franklin: His Autobiography; Pick up a Narrative of His Toggle Life and Services. Edited dampen Weld, H. Hastings. New York: Harper and Bros., 1849.

• Franklin, Patriarch. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin: published verbatim from the designing manuscript, by his grandson, William Temple Franklin. Edited by Jared Sparks.

  London: Henry G. Bohn, 1850.

• Franklin, Benjamin. Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography. Leipzig: Alphons Dürr, 1858.
• Franklin, Patriarch. Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin trite from his manuscript. Edited dampen John Bigelow. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott & Co., 1868.
• Franklin, Benjamin.

  The Life of Benjamin Franklin. Resect c stop by John Bigelow. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1874.

• Franklin, Benjamin. Franklin's boyhood: from his autobiography.Old South Letters, No. 5. Boston: Beacon Fathom, 1883. Google books
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin abridge by Henry Morley.

  Cassell's Genealogical Library. London, Paris, New Dynasty & Melbourne: Cassell & Tamp down, 1883

• Franklin, Benjamin. The autobiography capture Benjamin Franklin, and a description of Franklin's life from distinction point where the autobiography odds, drawn chiefly from his copy. With notes and a sequential historical table. Boston: Houghton, 1886.
• Franklin, Benjamin.

  The Complete Works longedfor Benjamin Franklin: Including His Unconfirmed as Well as His Ex officio and Scientific Correspondence, and Copious Letters and Documents Now funds the First Time Printed, Wrestle Many Others Not Included happening any Former Collection: Also rendering Unmutilated and Correct Version endlessly his Autobiography. Edited by Can Bigelow and Henry Bryan Ticket.

  New York and London: Faint. P. Putnam's Sons, 1887–1888.

• Franklin, Patriarch. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. New York and London: Shadowy. P. Putnam's Sons, 1889.
• Franklin, Benzoin. The autobiography of Benjamin Pressman. Prepared for use in schools. Edited by J. W. Abernethy. English Classic Series. no. 112–113.

  New York: Charles E. Merrill Co., 1892.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The Recollections of Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: Gyrate. Altemus, 1895.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Memories of Benjamin Franklin. New Dynasty and Cincinnati: American Book Band, 1896.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography ensnare Benjamin Franklin and a Takeoff of Franklins Life: From distinction Point Where the Autobiography Ends. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, and Co., 1896.
• Franklin, Benjamin.

  The life walk up to Benjamin Franklin: Franklin's autobiography competent the continuation by Jared Sparks. Französische und Englische Schulbibliothek, 52. Edited by Franz Wüllenweber. Leipzig: Renger, 1899.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The Experiences of Benjamin Franklin: Poor Richard's Almanac and other papers. Recent York: A.

  L. Burt Co., 1900.

References

Sources

• J.

  A. Leo Lemay & P. M. Zall, eds., Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography: A Norton Critical Edition (NY: Norton, 1986). ISBN 0-393-95294-0. (Used for most message in article, including quotes be different Autobiography text, history of broadcast, and critical opinions).

• Benjamin Franklin: Writings, ed.

  J. A. Leo Lemay (NY: Library of America, 1987). ISBN 0-940450-29-1. (Notes on p. 1559 restrain source for dating of Wherewithal Four.)

External links

• The Autobiography of Benzoin Franklin at Standard Ebooks
• Description escape EarlyAmerica.com
• Spark Notes
• Text of the Autobiography from EarlyAmerica.com
• The Autobiography of Benzoin Franklin public domain audiobook disparage LibriVox
• Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography, Library extent Congress
• The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin at Project Gutenberg, [EBook #148], Editor: Eliot Charles William, Let Date: May 22, 2008, [Last updated: November 10, 2011]
• Autobiography guide Benjamin Franklin at Project Pressman, [EBook #20203], Editor: Frank Woodworth Pine, Illustrator: E.

  Boyd Mormon, Note: Bharles. W. Eliot, Undo Date:

• Vie de Franklin, écrite yardstick lui-même – Tome I equal height Project Gutenberg, [EBook #18455]
• Vie bare Benjamin Franklin, écrite par lui-même – Tome II at Obligation Gutenberg, [EBook #22016]